Green Logistics Management

Green Logistics ManagementGreen logistics posterior be defined as coordinating the general logistical activities comprising freight transport, storage, inventory centering, materials handling and all the relevant activities required to move wares through and through the issue chain in a way that meets customer requirements at tokenish salute with an environmental concern. The main clinical is examining several(predicate) attainable ship fuckingal to reduce the external cost of logistics associated primarily with climate change, air pollution, mental disturbance etc and achieving a more sustainable balance between economic, environmental and sociable objectives.2. Literature review on chiliad logistics exploreers have been shiting on unlike mathematical techniques, heuristics, combinatorial optimization and practical methods for developing smart and more sustainable methodologies to suppress gear logistics for the solicitation, roll and government activity of co unteract crossings.With the booster of some illustrative examples, the project is focussed on developing underlying understanding of how new techniques and the operating practices could contri alonee to effective domestic thriftlessness forethought.Peirce and Davidson (1982) implementd a linear optimization technique to formulate the paradox of out-migration routing among transfer stations, disposal facilities, and long term storage impoundments but limiting the imitate to determination of cost effective fellate pane way of lifes. Jennings and scholars (1984) hypothesise the regional hazardous fluff centering system as simply a vehicle routing conundrum aiming for either reducing cost or risk.Zografos and Samara (1990) dealt with the problem of a single caseful of dotty to achieve the objectives of minimizing expatriation risk, travelling magazine and disposal costs but, the demerits atomic number 18 that each centre is affected whole by its closest mental qui ckness and all the different acknowledgment points can send its hazardous superfluity to only one intercession facility. Hu et al (2002) made recitation of a linear programming dumbfound to investigate the cost reduction of close qualification support system used for managing the multi source superfluity reverse proceeds again limiting the objective only to cost agent.Alumur and kara (2007) used Multi-objective coalesce whole number programming set with dual objectives of minimizing cost and risk factor in hazardous neutralize logistics. They focussed mainly on the factors that finalise the eliminate location for word facilities, cast away sites and the relevant technology unavoidable to route unhomogeneous sources of waste subject to controls. The considered mannequin was implemented in Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Their seek shed light on utilise multi-period concept to the existing model to schedule the unconscious processing of different casings o f waste.2.1 domestic dish waste solicitudeThough the in a higher place interrogation work was kind of old, it contributed much towards the waste management. They made a foundation for further research where we can combine both the objectives of cost reduction as healthy as environmental benefits. Solid waste is a critical environmental problem in both developed and developing countries. The growing environmental concern from citizens, governments and various industrialists demand new methods and technologies to address the problems touch in waste management that pose a threat to the environment. Domestic waste logistics is one of the key areas that could have a huge tint on the environment with the growing population if not given enough attention. The real common problem in developing countries regarding solid waste management is lack of sufficient technical and financial resources. The available resources can conceptualize of only appeal and logistics costs, leaving no resources for safe final disposal (Collivignarelli et al., 2004). The parking area logistics objective can be served in several slipway addressing sustainable domestic waste disposal. Some of them are mentioned below What collection system should be applied for easy disposal of different types of wastes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as recyclable and non-recyclable?Where to locate the garbage accumulation areas and collection points?How super the fleet of vehicles should be and how feasible it is to have multiple compartment vehicles to collect different sources of waste separately at one time?How many containers and of what type should be assigned to each area?Which are the most appropriate collection routes depending on the demand, commerce and other(a) practical constraints?What frequency of collection should be applied to each area? at that place has been a fundamental amount of research work going on addressing one or more of the above problems with the green logistics ob jective. For an extensive discussion on green logistics objectives one can refer to Sheu 2007, which is the recent review published in this area where they used coordinated reverse logistics management system which was formulated as multi-objective linear programming model for treating hazardous waste. The time variable waste collection amount associated with each given waste type was regulated by reverse logistics system and this was further coordinated with other activities such as storage, processing, distribution and final treatment. By employ these both factors, the author could successfully figure a model that searches for system-wide optimization stop considering both the reverse logistics operational costs and also the environmental impact through risk constraints. The model saved 58% operational costs with the inclusion of green logistics objective comparatively with the earlier versions of other authors where only a cost factor was considered.Though the above researc h work proves to be beneficial from cost as well as environmental perspective, is it really the aforesaid(prenominal) in every case? As the objective starts shifting the full attention towards green, economical and more of an environmental affectionate objectives, the long term results some propagation have to be compromised although it proves more costly. thither are various functional elements involved in the waste management such as waste generation, collection, separation, handling, storage and treatment, logistics and final dumping.In general, the same problem requires different objectives depending upon whose requirement it is. From business perspective, the best solution would be the one with the least cost, epoch for the government the best solution would be the one with the least risk (referring to human life). Therefore, for any proposed mathematical model, at that place should always be a compromise solution considering these different objectives.conceptual plan of a ttack by Chang and Davila (2007) made a great success in risible recyclables, green waste from the municipal solid waste streams to energy, composting and recycling facilities. They analysed the existing solid waste management strategies for better improvement exploitation minimax regret optimization techniques with multiple criteria. lookers also shifting their attention towards using Life cycle analysis for evaluating different strategies involved in waste management. Ahluwalia and Nema (2007) presented a life cycle ground multi-objective model to support termination makers in integrated waste management. They evaluated the management budget and life cycle of different types of computing device waste for different objectives of cost, business risk and environmental impact. The main idea of Life cycle approach is recycling computer waste which otherwise leads to the loss of potential resources and can have a huge impact on the environment as well.Sbihi and Eglese (2007) men tioned the importance of multi-time timber model in Combinatorial optimization and Green Logistics. They highlighted the variation in waste generation at any source node with time and about uncertainty with the data related to waste generation. In solvent to that, Ahluwalia and Nema (2007) identified the factors responsible for the computer waste and their contribution to the environmental pollution. nonuple objectives of economy, health and environmental risk involved with various computer waste management activities were assessed with the attention of an integer linear goal programming found multi-time step optimal material flow analysis model. Several treatment and disposal facilities were selected and assigned optimum quantities of waste to them along chosen expatriation routes, depending on different priorities to cost and risk. The uncertainty factor related to waste generation quantities also taken into consideration using Monte Carlo simulation.There are also some stud ies in the literature that are concerned only with the vehicle routing problem but the research objective expect to be very interesting from waste management perspective. These studies attempt to occur the best possible routes for a given meshing with the objective of minimizing transportation cost subject to various constraints. Part of the model developed in our project uses a multi-compartment vehicle in which different sources of domestic wastes can be collected separately at the collection point itself using several vehicles EL Fallahi et al 2008. Using this concept of multi-compartment vehicle for waste collection might reduce the burden of segregating them later at the dumping site. This also might reduce the cost involved in diverting the recyclable and non-recyclable wastes to their corresponding processing centres, do the waste collection process not only economically profitable but can also make the recycling process more environmental friendly.Some times depending o n the type of objective that is involved, constraints play a critical role. For instance, while dealing with the logistics of hazardous wastes, public safety is a serious constraint without which the model will be invalid. Highly toxic wastes like by-products of thermonuclear power plants needed to be transported to a safer environment. YW Chen et al (2008) aforethought(ip) safest transportation of nuclear waste by integrating the multi-objective (minimizing the travel time, transportation risk and the exposed population) shortest route problem having actual road network attributes of GIS (geographic information systems) with environmental systems research institute (ESRI).8. The importance of environmental certificate resulted in a set of new waste management goals in the reverse logistics system planning. Pati RK et al (2008) formulated a mixed integer goal programming to study the inter-relationship between the multiple objectives of a recycled report distribution network. Th e objectives considered are reduction in reverse logistics cost product quality improvement through increased segregation at the source and environmental benefits through increased waste paper recovery. The model has been illustrated through a problem at paper recycling in India. It says that the model can also be extended to other areas of reverse logistics systems involving conservation of natural resources such as recycling of plastic wastes. This model can also be used for determining the facility location, route and flow of various types of recyclable waste paper in the multi-item, multi-echelon and multi-facility decision making framework.Future researchIncluding non-linearities and stochasticity of parameters in the above linear model.Extending the model to other reverse logistics problem areas involving the environmental issues and conservation of natural resources such as recycling of plastic wastes.-Third report1. Lund and Clark II (2008) highlighted various transportatio n technologies and the link to stationary power generation that may help to reduce the impact of both energy and transportation sectors on planetary warming and climate change. He made a point found on the past literature that no single technology appears to be able to solve the carbon footprint problem on its own. This particular(a) issue focussed on the methodologies and practices applied to the analysis of coherent sustainable energy and transportation systems in order to reverse the climate change. He focussed on the information available from literature review, mainly on the use of electric and hybrid technologies in the transportation sector with renewable energy source. But it appears to me that even with the mass introduction of these technologies, the impact on environment may again increase with more electricity generation (exception for wind and hydro electric power). He mentioned in his paper that Professor Woodrow Clark discussed how green energy from renewable energ y sources can play a solid role in protecting the environment while providing power for edifice and transportation.This issue is ground on the presentation from special session on Sustainable Energy and Transportation Systems which was part of 4th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, June 4-8, 2007, Dubrovnik, Croatia.2. Siu 2007 reviewed a number of sophisticated light weight travel systems with the objective to serve as a reference to decision makers who are involved in the planning and design of sustainable transportation systems. Siu argues that building more roads to relieve traffic congestion achieves nothing more than encouraging more vehicles to use them, resulting in more carbon emissions. This paper again focussed on the use of latest technologies namely the battery-electric, hybrid-electric and fuel cells buses. It says that the electric drives are appealing the transit operators because of reduced or zero vehicle e missions and increased efficiency. With efficient use of these innovative transit technologies in the distribution and logistics sector would certainly help to achieve the goal of green logistics.3. Wadhwa et al 2008 proposed a multi-criterion decision making (MCDM) model based on fuzzy set theory. It is a negotiable decision modelling of reverse logistics system A measure out adding MCDM approach for alternative selection which can be helpful in blueprint effective and efficient flexible return policy depending on various criteria. This fuzzy decision methodology provides an alternative framework to deal with the complexities involved in reverse logistics and giving the best decision strategy for product recovery system. It requires quantitative and qualitative evaluation based on criteria such as cost, time, legislative factors, environmental impact, quality and quality. This paper combines fuzzy based flexible MCDM and reverse logistics for alternate selections.Future research The model serves to call down the progressive introduction of applying artificial intelligence future research in terms of developing a group decision support system.4. EL Fallahi et al 2008. A memetic algorithm and a verboten search for the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem. Computers and Operations research 2008 35 1725-1741A general vehicle routing problem where a customer can order different products which will be delivered using identical vehicles using several compartments, each compartment being devote to one product is considered in this paper. The author used two algorithms cognise as memetic algorithm with a post optimization phase based on path relinking and a tabu search to solve the above problem.Path re-linking is the method to combine intensification and diversification in tabu search. It mainly concentrates on the exploration of links connecting pairs of good solutions in search situation hoping for better solutions along these paths. This technique is generally used after the tabu search metaheuristic.Tabu search is a heuristic method intentional to guide other methods, including local search algorithms to escape local optima. Its characteristic feature is the use of a memory to search the best possible solutions subject to certain constraints like forbidden moves (tabu). The above algorithms are compared for both multi-compartment and single compartment and found that splitting the compartments improved the results on average.ReferencesAhluwalia PK, Nema AK. A terminus Programming Based Multi-Time Step Optimal Material Flow analytic thinking Model for Integrated Computer Waste Management. diary of Environmental informatics 2007 10(2) 82-98Ahluwalia PK, Nema AK. A life cycle based multi-objective optimization model for the management of computer waste. 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