The World Of Anthropology An Anthropological Perspective

In the world of anthropology, the study of human societies and their cultures or development, the people that study those topics often turn to scientific field notes rather than photography. Anthropologists are supposed to maintain objective and impartial conclusions when studying cultures or societies and for years the only consistent way of doing so was to only consider unbiased field notes, or simply scientific notes or observations. However, over time anthropologists came to realize that the only way to be able to see everything was through photographs that encapsulate the entirety of what is being seen in a way that the use of merely field notes cannot. When looking at the science of anthropology, the addition of photography into the previously field note dominated margins of observations has had a beneficial and significant impact on the field, proving that the use of photography in anthropology is immensely effective. As an anthropologist, one must immerse one’s self in a culture and make observations without disturbing the culture, must find a way to understand the culture in a way that doesn’t leave a mark on it. Throughout time, cultures and societies have been altered and changed almost entirely and field notes used to be the only way to preserve or understand what was seen by someone studying it. N. Scott Momaday in his article, â€Å"Shadow Catcher† speaks of his mentor’s time observing the culture of Native Americans preserved through captured images in a time longShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Mead-Freeman Debate1283 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy in anthropology regarding the concept of nature versus nurture. Freeman claimed that Boasians’ insisted on separating cultural determinism (nurture) from biological determinism (nature). Thus, various academic writings emerged in support of one concept over the latter. Even though, most modern-day s cholars support both cultural determinism and biological determinism in shaping the human’s social milieu and development, this debate has impacted the field of anthropology as well as otherRead MoreEssay on The Moral and Ethical Dilemmas of Anthropology1249 Words   |  5 Pages Anthropological researchers have considerable moral and ethical standards by which their work must be conducted in order to preserve the accuracy and the posterity of the information gathered during the study and also to the persons or cultures of which they study. These two important parts of anthropology – the research and those being researched – can be conflicting. The Code of Ethics of the American Anthropological Association presents itself as a body of guidelines for discussing theseRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of ma n.† Anthropology is the most comprehensive among the social sciences, covering every aspect of human behaviour, past, present and the future (Blanchard 1995:2). The anthropology of sports serves as a unique social scientific approach to understand and analyse sports alongside the practical application of results to real problems (Blanchard 1995:23) and like all other social sciences, operatesRead MoreFieldwork in Various Anthropological Schools of Thought Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesCultural anthropology is a social science that studies the origins and development of human societies (History World International, 2001). Many theories to explain cultural variations among humans have emerged. As a result, numerous anthropological schools of thought have been established based on these theories since the nineteenth century. These schools of thought encompass the dominant beliefs about culture during a time period and are constantly changing as new knowledge is acquired. As sch oolsRead MoreCultural Study Of Anthropology Of Sports1493 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter provides background information on the research topic. The study background are presented in this order: The first section covers a general overview of anthropology of sports. The second heading covers the ethnographic background. The third heading is of this chapter sheds light on autoethnographic study. The fourth heading is habitus, with a sub-heading thus: the socio-cultural study of the body. The fifth heading is on nationalisation theories. The sixth heading is on globalisationRead More Development of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States1580 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment of Anthropology as a Discipline in the United States I. Early History of Anthropology in the United States 1870-1900 â€Å"The roots of anthropology lie in the eye-witness accounts of travelers who have journeyed to lands on the margins of state-based societies and described their cultures and in the efforts of individuals who have analyzed the information collected. In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, a number of anthropologists recognized that the practice of anthropology was intimatelyRead MoreAnthropology : An Anthropological Perspective874 Words   |  4 Pages Anthropology is the study of humans throughout the world. It examines our ancestors, how we behave, adapt to different environments, communicate, socialize with one another, and more. The study of anthropology focuses on the features that make us human; our genetic makeup, the evolution of humans, and the physiology. It also focuses on language, religion, family, and more. The goal of anthropology is to be able to describe and analyze the different cultures. Anthropologist believes that the onlyRead MoreFood Preferences and Taboos: an Anthropological Perspective1526 Words   |  7 PagesFood Preferences and Taboos: An Anthropological Perspective Across the world, there is an extensive range of animals and plants of which humans have at their disposal for consumption. Despite this though, many cultures and societies engage in preferences and taboos of which restrict their dietary range. The term â€Å"food taboo† has been used to describe the practice of where people deliberately avoid consuming a food, which is otherwise perfectly okay to eat (Lien, 2004). The question of what makesRead MoreAnthropology Of Human Culture And Society1745 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology, as the study of human culture and society, began with the earliest speculation of the humankind. It developed and prospered along with people’s understanding of the world, as the earliest scholars relied on their intelligence and cognition to explain social phenomena. Through the use of rigorous scientific methods and inductive reasoning, they began to propose theories that might explain their findings conceptually and collectively. Among such was the evolutionist theory implicatedRead MoreEssay Malinowskis Participant-Observation in Modern Anthropology2209 Words   |  9 Pagesparticipant-observation sit in the landscape of modern anthropological fieldwork? A primary objective of the modern ethnographer is to glean insights into the ways people relate to and interact with one another and the world around them. Through participant-observation, Malinowski (1922) offered a valuable tool with which to uncover these insights and understandings, the ethnographer. The ethnographer as research tool has become the basis of much modern anthropological research. As a method, it was a radical

World Vision International’s Aids Initiative Challenging...

World Vision International’s AIDS Initiative: Challenging a Global Partnership World Vision International is a $1 Billion Christian relief and development partnership that is made up of 48 national members forming a federation. Founded in the United States by American Bob Pierce in 1950, the organizations mission was to implement common goals and strategies in fundraising, programming, and advocacy amongst the 48 independent members of the World Vision Partnership. WVI used its preexisting connections with evangelical agencies to meet emergency and relief needs for people in undeveloped countries. With communication channels already set up in churches and other institutions around the world, it was not hard for the company to get†¦show more content†¦Although World Vision International was very good at what it did, the organization also had its fair share of weaknesses. Not every country in the world has the luxury of being a democracy where there are laws, rules, and regulations. In dealing with third-world countries, sometimes WVI would face governme ntal corruption or social disorder and could do nothing about it. Social revolutions and the rise of political regimes in these countries would result in the loss of program staff as well as connections between sponsors and the children they sponsored. Additionally, WVI started as an organization to help impoverished children around the world; So when executives wanted to start tackling issues such as AIDS, drug usage, prostitution and so on, members worried that donors would have no part in the discussion and they would lose support. It had taken a lot of hard work to build the World Vision International brand name and the marketing department worried that if the organization began dealing with other such global issues, it would hurt their public image. The organizational structure of World Vision International is what really separated it from its competitors in the fight to make the world a better place. After adding relief and development to their mission statement, it was quite clear that reorganization would be necessary if the organization was going to work as a partnership. And so, a federation was born. WVI was separated into different departments andShow MoreRelatedThe Body Shop14072 Words   |  57 PagesUnited Nation’s â€Å"Global 500† Environmental award.   On the other hand, the Body Shop brand has been regarded as the second most trusted brand in the UK according to the Consumers Association.   As said by the 1997 Interbrand survey criteria, it is known to be the top 28 brand in the world, and ranks second in the retail sector.   The International Chief Executives in the Financial Times conducted a survey in 1998 and found Body Shop to be the 27th  most respected company in the world (The Body Shop InternationalRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesnumber of these cases and their learning insights. It can certainly be used in training programs and even appeal to nonprofessionals who are looking for a good read about well-known firms and personalities. TEACHING AIDS As in previous editions, you will find a plethora of teaching aids and discussion material within and at the end of each chapter. Some of these will be common to several cases, and illustrate that certain successful and unsuccessful practices are not unique. Information Boxes

Looking At Competition Law To Manage The Mergers Of Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2525 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Introduction The tussle between Reserve Bank of India and the Competition Commission of India is long drawn. At different occasions, RBI has sought to exclude the jurisdiction of CCI from mergers and acquisitions (MAs) of banks. In a report to the Ministry of Finance, RBI stated that bank MAs should be excluded from application of the Competition Act, 2002, following their unique nature, and expedient circumstances, especially in cases of forced mergers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Looking At Competition Law To Manage The Mergers Of Banks Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The main argument of RBI had been that CCI is a general body regulating competition across markets and sectors, and thus, may not have the requisite technical expertise to adjudge in bank MAs. Any decision made for or on behalf of a bank may have a direct impact on the depositors and on the economy as a whole. A merger is a combination of two or more corporate entities, wherein one or more such corporate entities lose their corporate existence as they merge with the surviving entity. Competition law primarily focuses on horizontal mergers; as such cases have high potential of adversely affecting completion in the market. In exceptional circumstances, vertical mergers are also enquired into; where a dominant entity merges with another entity from another related market to further strengthen its dominant position. RBI has suggested that in cases of both, horizontal and vertical mergers, the final determination in sectoral regulators in banking, and insurance, for cases of MAs sho uld rest with RBI, as it is best equipped to understand the issues involved. Further, bank MAs were also excluded under the erstwhile Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Act (MRTPC) which was replaced by the Competition Act, 2002. This has led to emergence of a debate between CCI and RBI, which shall be resolved at the earliest. Hypothesis: The author believes that such a proposition would defeat the entire purpose of the Competition Act, 2002. Authority of both, RBI and CCI shall be harmoniously read and RBI should not have the sole authority to determine bank MAs. This paper aims to answer the following research questions: Why shall bank MA shall be treated differentially in comparison with other corporate MAs? What is the need of performing competition analysis in cases of bank MAs? Is there a conflict between the regulatory authority afforded to the RBI and the CCI? Can these authorities harmoniously perform their functions? Reasons for differential treatment of banking sector There are various reasons for affording a differential level of protection and regulation to bank MAs, when compared to regular corporate MAs. Failure of an individual bank may not in itself be principally different from a corporate breakdown. However, its high potential of precipitating into a general systemic failure is one of the main reasons for treating banks differently. There is a heavy inter-linkage between several banks. Inter-bank lending and the payment systems have grown considerably in the past few years. Banks lend and borrow amongst them, in large amounts to moderate daily liquidity fluctuations. Also, large value payments are made by banks as a result of their own and their clients activities. Thus, in both these ways, banks are heavily linked to each other. The risk of such physical exposure is further amplified by the information asymmetries about financial position of one bank with another. In such a case, failure of one bank may precipitate to other banks, gener ating a systemic risk of interbank contagion. Another reason for providing a differential treatment is the asset-liability mismatch of banks. Most of the assets of the banks are in the form of loans, which are not liquid, as they are subject to contracts and have limited resale value. Further, the liabilities of a bank are in form of deposits by people, which is liquid and easily demandable as the depositors can withdraw their deposits on demand. This is further complemented by a maturity mismatch between assets and liabilities. This exposes the bank to a possibility of runs. The only safeguard available is for the banks to have deposit insurance. Also, the functional aspect of banking sector points towards its uniqueness. It is not easy for users to distinguish banks on the basis of quality of financial services they provide. As a result, there exists a problem of free-rider. Banks with a higher risk profile will free ride on the reputation and trust enjoyed by the banking in dustry as a whole. In addition, this indistinguishability of banks may result in a domino effect, where failure of one bank may beguile consumers to withdraw their deposits from other banks. In such a situation, liquidation of deposits would lead to a general run on bank reserves. This self-fulfilling nature of bank business and their operations, which are based on trust and confidence, strengthens the rationale of RBI for affording banks with special protection by regulators. Need For Competition Analysis In Bank MAs There are primarily two anti-competitive effects of a merger. First, unilateral effects, which arise as the merged entity may enjoy considerably higher single firm market power than its components, prior to the merger. Second, co-ordinated effects, which occur when a merger enhances the capability of an entity to engage in anti-competitive behaviour. The risks of co-ordinated effects are especially significant in oligopolistic markets, such as the banking sector. Performing a competition analysis over the effects of a bank merger is not significantly different from the analysis performed for other sectors. Factors, such as creation and facilitation of dominant position remain the same. Dominant position is defined as position of strength , enjoyed by an entity, which enables it to: (i) operate independently of competitive forces prevailing in the relevant market; or (ii) affect its competitors or consumers or the relevant market in its favour A merger may have anti-comp etitive repercussions, by making it lucrative for a leading bank to exercise market power unilaterally, or by escalating the likelihood of collusive practices by the merged entity in the market. This analysis is further complicated in the banking sector by virtue of the fact that the relevant geographic market varies with the characteristics of the buyer of bank services. For example, proximity may be a criterion for small businesses, or introduction of internet banking resulting in enlarging the relevant market for depositors. Besides, high switching costs between banks reduces the significance of competition on the supply side and may be a very important element in the assessment of market power. In the banking sector, agreements among competitors are often necessary for the existence of efficient payment systems, unlike other sectors where no such agreements are made. For example, to maintain the interoperability of automated teller machines (ATMs) across various banks, banks have to enter into a cost sharing agreement. Banks also have to agree upon sharing of costs between acquirers and issuers, in cases of debit and credit card associations. Such agreements may per se seem to be anti-competitive. Moreover, provisions like the honour all cards or the no discrimination rules are prevalent in card markets, which have been categorized as anti-competitive by several anti-trust authorities globally. Application of competition law in the banking sector improvises the access to finance for investment at lower interest rates and lenient guarantee requirements, as banks become more customer friendly. In some states, larger banks might tend to allocate lower amount of assets towards lending in general, and towards loans to small business in particular. Thus, when large bank is formed by merging two banks, resultant decrease in funding to small businesses may be argued as being anti-competitive. Such deduction, however, cannot be sustained as any apparent re duction in loans to small business by the new bank can be easily waged by an increase in such lending by the other non merging banks. Existence of high switching costs, may tie the clients and businesses to a particular bank. Switching costs are costs that the customer has to incur while changing the service provider. There costs can be further divided into two categories: fixed transactional costs and informational switching costs. For example, cost incurred by a customer in searching for another bank, opportunity cost of time and money spent, cost of transferring of funds and closure of previous account would all count as transactional switching costs. Many of these costs are dependent upon the behaviour and policies of the banks, e.g. offering low deposit rates to attract customers. Also, charging customers for closure of bank account (closing charges) may also influence their decision. Such practices are to be evaluated in light of the competition law policies. Further, su ch fixed transactional costs are complemented by information switching costs. Most clear example is the loan market, where in the borrowers have to consider informational switching costs when considering a switch, as the current financier is better informed about the borrowers credit worthiness. Such switching costs may be exploited by rent seeking behaviour of banks. Markets with high switching costs might taken as a whole be less competitive, as presence of such costs would tend to soften competition. It could also deter new entrants in the market. Thus, it is very important to frequently analyse the practices of banks under competition laws, as there is ample scope of unfair and abusive trade practices. Mandate And Authority Of RBI And CCI Bank MAs are not new to the Indian banking sector. Seventy seven bank amalgamations have taken place in India since 1961, when the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 was introduced. Around fourty-six amalgamations took place before bank nationalisation in 1969, and the remaining thirty-one post nationalisation. There have been around six cases of mergers among private sector banks exclusively. Prior to 1999, the major driving force behind amalgamations was the weak financial position of the bank being merged. In the post 1999 period, mergers between healthy banks have taken place, primarily driven by commercial and business considerations. Report of the Committee on Banking Sector Reforms (the Second Narasimham Committee Report, 1998) argued for, inter alia encouraging mergers among big banks, both in the public and private sectors and even with other financial institutions including Non-Banking Financial Corporations (NBFCs). Section 44.A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 lays down the procedure for voluntary amalgamation of banking companies. Resolutions, approved by two-third majority of each bank, in a general meeting, is submitted to RBI for it approval. Once approved, the scheme contained in the resolution becomes legally binding on the banking companies and their shareholders. RBI issued guidelines in May 2005, on the basis of the recommendations of the Working Group, for voluntary merger between banking companies. It laid down several requirements for performing such a merger, including inter alia, disclosures, determination of the swap ratio, the stages at which Boards will get involved in the merger process, etc. Although, mergers are generally determined on business considerations (such as the market share, synergies, acquisition of a business unit or segment, etc.), the policy objective of the RBI is to ensure that considerations akin to sound rationale for merger, the systemic benefits and the advantage accruing to the residual entity, etc. are appraised in detail. Financial health of both the amalgamating entities is kept under consideration by RBI, while sanctioning the scheme of amalgamation. This is done to ensure, inter alia, that after the amalgamation, the new entity will emerge as a stronger bank. General terms used in competition law, such as cartel, dominance, or agreements for abuse of dominance, etc. are not found in the Banking Regulations. This indicates that RBI is ill-equipped to deal with competition law issues using the Banking regulations. Thus, allowing RBI to check abuse of dominance and cartelisation is not a very lucrative option. RBI, however, has urged the Ministry of Finance that it shall exercise the sole jurisdiction over bank MAs and also, such instances shall be excluded from the purview of the Competition Authorities, as the RBI has the special knowledge and expertise required to regulate the banking sector. The RBI Guidelines specify prudential regulations with respect to bank mergers . Prudential regulations aim to safeguard the safety and soundness of individual financial institutions, with the intention of protecting the clients. These guidelines do not look into the areas dealt by CCI. The CCI simply checks whether a combination will likely result in dominance or facilitate cartelisation. It does not check the effect of the prudential regulations, over which it neither has the mandate nor the competence. Conversely, RBI, only checks the financial soundness of banks after mergers, and safety of public money at the hands of the new entity. It does not further assess the creation of a dominant position, or likely cartelisation, which is performed by CCI. A distinction is to be drawn between prudential regulation of banks by RBI and competition regulation of the whole economy, including the financial sector, by CCI. Prudential regulations are largely focused on laying and enforcing rules which limit risk-taking of banks, ensuring stability in financial sector and safety of depositors funds. Thus, regulation of MAs by the RBI would be determined by such benchmarks. However, competition regulation of MAs, in the banking sector, is a separate matter. It is aimed at ensuring competition between the banks, so that they serve customers by offering the best terms, lower interest rates on loans and higher interest rates on deposits and securities. MA regulations by CCI are therefore deliberated to ensure that such activities are not motivated by the desire to conspire and make disproportionate profits at the cost of customers or to squeeze other players out of the market through unfair trade practices. While CCI does not have either the expertise or the remit on prudential regulation, RBI does not have the expertise or remit to regulate anticompetitive behaviour. The prudential regulations and the competition regulations are mutually compatible to the extent that they both seek to prohibit unwarranted behaviour. As long as the authorities wor k towards checking undesired mergers, rather than forcing or mandating mergers, financial institutions, including banks will not face difficulty in abiding by both the RBI and CCI. With respect to certain mergers, prudential regulation and competition policy can be complementary. For example, a merger leading to a too big to fail bank, i.e. a bank which is so large that clients assume that the government would take necessary steps in order to preserve the solvency of the bank in a crisis. Such banks might be inclined to take, what regulators regard as excessive risks. Also, such banks may give rise to competitive distortions, as they may have a synthetic advantage in raising money, especially in markets where deposit insurance is derisory. Further, probability of a potential conflict between prudential and competition policy is low. For example, in cases of mergers designed to safeguard a failing bank. Such a merger would be promoted by prudential regulations, but may lead to competition problems. Such problems, however, may be avoided by choosing the right entity to merge with, or by structuring the merger to minimise its effects on competition in the market. Prior consultation between the parties and competent authorities may solve most of the conflicts. Conclusion

Euthanasia Is Morally Right Or Wrong - 1740 Words

â€Å"Once we decide human life is dispensable, we will have crossed a rubicon† (unknown) Currently, there is many conflicting opinions of whether euthanasia is morally right or wrong in society. This act of euthanasia is used on patients to end their suffering of terminal illnesses. It is sometimes requested but also, being that there is multiple types such as voluntary, involuntary, Nonvoluntary, active, and passive euthanasia, in some cases is given without the patient’s actual request and consent. In some ways, it has seemed to become an alternative for people who are suffering and feel they have no other options. Although some may argue that euthanasia is a gift that should be a choice given all around the United States for people to†¦show more content†¦The legalization of this practiced act needs to stop growing so we can prevent more of the people assisting in unethical, inhumane acts before they try and take it too far. As more and more states legalize euthanasia, it has become more of an issue and has lead to there being more opportunities for this terrible act to be used by doctors giving them too much power. According to the Dutch Medical Associations, in some states doctors and physicians who helped in the performance of euthanasia would not be prosecuted under law if they followed the certain requirements ... (i) the request by the patient must be voluntary, durable and persistent: (ii) the patient was fully informed about the medical condition and the prognosis , and there was no other alternative treatment available; (iii) the patient had unbearable sufferings; and (iv) the physician had consulted with another physician. (â€Å" Euthanasia Revisited†) These regulations freely allow doctors to end their patients life without there being any consequences. Although these rules make it seem mandatory for the patient s consent to be given, there is no way to prove that the patient s consent is actually portrayed to any physician. This gives the doctors more power of the patient and there is no way of knowing if the patient did give consent because once they are dead, there is no proof left and nothing to do about it being done. Along withShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Human Being A Person?937 Words   |  4 Pagesa role in what is morally right and wrong. In today’s society there are many opinions on what is considered morally right and wrong. For many people some subjects tend to be a grey area for them and they struggle to explain why something is wrong or right. One of those subjects is Bioethical issues and whether or not they are morally right or wrong. One of the small topics of Bioethical issues is euthanasia and whether or not it is okay for anyone to partake in it. Euthanasia is the act of eitherRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1236 Words   |  5 PagesOxford English Dictionary, â€Å"euthanasia† is defined as â€Å"the means of bringing a gentle and easy death† (â€Å"euthanasia† def. 2). Today, euthanasia is a method used in the medical field to put an end to a patient’s agony by taking their life for them, making it a very controversial topic. Many people argue that it is morally wrong to take a human life, and others may argue that it is even more wrong to make someone suffer more than they need to. I will argue that euthanasia and physician-assisted suicideRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?907 Words   |  4 Pagesactive euthanasia, which is a highly contentious issue in the United States. Voluntary active euthanasia is currently illegal in the United States. However, I believe that patients with terminal illnesses experiencing a lot of pain and misery should have the right to die the way they choose, with dignity, instead of being subjected to agony. People should be able to choose voluntary active euthanasia, if ever need be, which is why I believe that despite current policy, voluntary active euthanasia shouldRead MoreThe And Passive Euthanasi Active And Non Voluntary1368 Words   |  6 PagesThis is the definition of euthanasia provided by the Oxford English dictionary, but euthanasia is an issue encompassing much more controversy than just whether killing is right or wrong. Euthanasia can be voluntary or non voluntary yet it can also be active and passive, I will be arguing whether or not there is a distinction between these two and if so whether that distinction is morally significant. I will begin by defining active and passive euthanasia: active euthanasia is where a medical professionalRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Meaning Of Good Death1215 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia has the meaning of â€Å"good death†. Is there really such a thing as someone having a good death? The controversy behind this is active euthanasia is morally wrong. Active euthanasia is usually done to patients who have been diagnosed with a terminal illness and is a way to have an instant death instead of prolonging life. There are some places where euthanasia is already legally admissible, but people are having thought of making this act of killing legal throughout the country. I shallRead MoreVoluntary Active Euthanasia Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is morally permissible? Voluntary Active Euthanasia is a controversial subject, Does one have the right to end their own life? According to Peter Singer in â€Å"Voluntary Euthanasia: A utilitarian Perspective,† Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible under certain circumstances. If and only if certain requirements are met by certain parties can the process of voluntary active euthanasia be completed. Certain situations where Voluntary Active Euthanasia is morally permissible include;Read MoreIs Euthanasia Be A Morally Permissible Action?957 Words   |  4 Pagesto address the topic of euthanasia. I will cover the philosophy behind why it is not a regular practice, and differentiate between multiple forms. After introducing the issue, itself I will speak briefly on the legality of the issue. This should result in the principles of myself, Peter Singer, Don Marquis, and Michael Tooley all being brought together in this discussion. Ultimately, I will lead this discussion into the direction of why I have found euthanasia to be a morally permissible action. WhyRead More Euthanasia Essay: Assisted Suicide927 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide   Ã‚  Ã‚   In her paper entitled Euthanasia, Phillipa Foot notes that euthanasia should be thought of as inducing or otherwise opting for death for the sake of the one who is to die (MI, 8). In Moral Matters, Jan Narveson argues, successfully I think, that given moral grounds for suicide, voluntary euthanasia is morally acceptable (at least, in principle). Daniel Callahan, on the other hand, in his When Self-Determination Runs Amok, counters that the traditionalRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia1353 Words   |  6 PagesUnitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia One of greatest moral issues facing society today is that of freedom. Freedom is a principle that this country was founded on at the start of its inception. Freedom is still a cause that requires our attention. The great debate on simple liberties such as the right to decide what happens to one’s body is still an issue that society has failed to resolve. It is a moral quandary that will continue to be discussed and a deliberated on as long as humankind areRead MoreEuthanasia Should Not Be A Crime1064 Words   |  5 Pages Euthanasia Euthanasia is cessation of a very sick individual s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. In most cases euthanasia is carried out because the person who dies asks for it, but there are cases called euthanasia where a person can t make such a request. The people in favor of euthanasia argue that a civilized society should allow others to die with their own dignity and without pain and they should allow others to help them to do so. If they failed to managed it by their

Eating Disorders Are Responsible For The Rise Of Eating...

Since the 1950s the cases of eating disorders have been increasing, especially in westernized countries (Wade, Keski-Rahkonen, Hudson, 2011). 1950 was the year where having curves was accepted, but this view changed when societal culture started to become more important to the average person. Culture is comprised of how people think, behave, and work in a particular society (Merriam-webster’s collegiate dictionary, 2015). Societal culture is comprised of athletic influence, media, and the fashion industry. All of the societal culture factors are responsible for the rise of eating disorders in young adults. In 2011, it was found that 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from eating disorders at some point in their lives (Wade et. al, 2011). Eating disorders are not always considered an important mental illness, but due to the high number of cases they should be because they can lead to health problems including slow heart rate, low blood pressure, and severe dehydration. These side effects can lead to death if not treated properly which is why eating disorders should be looked at as a clinical disease. Athletics To illustrate how societal culture plays a crucial role in the rise of eating disorders, influence from parents and coaches of athletes were looked at. Eating disorders in athletics have been growing alongside the growth of eating disorders in those not involved in sports. The overall cause of eating disorders in athletes is the pressure society puts on them.Show MoreRelatedThe Media Responsible For Females Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesDissertation – Chapter 2 Is the media responsible for females, especially youths, for having low self-esteem and lack of confidence? Is the media responsible for the development of eating behaviours and disorders? In a culture with saturated media, the powerful influence upon women and younger girls is a continuous debate. Females of all ages come under immense pressure from the media, friends, partners and even parents to maintain a great body shape. The body images portrayed in the media canRead MoreDevelopment of Eating Disorders1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthat such measures revolve around an individual’s eating habits thus leading to unhealthy disordered eating patterns. Eating disorders refer to abnormal eating habits characterised by excessive or insufficient intake of food and develop from a number of interrelated issues. Much of the research into eating disorders has focused particularly on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and its developmental causes. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder characterised by delusions of being overweightRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Young People1304 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social media responsible for the increase in Mental Health issues in young people? The rates of mental health issues in teenagers and young people is increasing, with 20% of the young people in the United States suffering from a mental disorder in their lifetime (Traci Pederson, 2010, Psych Central). This increase must have stemmed from something recent and modern, which many psychologists believe may be the large increase in use of social media, for example Facebook, which has around 1.2 billionRead MoreInfluences in Our Lives674 Words   |  3 Pagesdangerous, life threatening decisions. How far can the media, family, and friends push you? â€Å"Media has had an increasingly negative impact† (Mokeyane 2); media affects the lives of us all negatively at some point. People are being driven to eating disorders and others by copying the behaviors of the lifestyles being projected. Teenagers are surrounded by all types of media; radios, television, magazines, and the internet. All this media will produce images in our teenagers’ brains that they needRead MoreWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders1645 Words   |  7 PagesWesternization Vs. Eating Disorders Historically, through an array of cultures worldwide, individuals have transformed their appearances in order to conform to the beauty ideal of relevant culture. Those that are apart of the Pa Dong Tribe, which reside among the boarder of Thailand, practice the elongating of the neck through the use of brass rings. African and Amazonian tribes consider beauty through the stretching of their lips that is achieved using large lip plates. Tribes in Africa striveRead MoreThe Biggest Loser : Are They Really?1586 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity, and as a result, eating disorder stats are going up. Many women have suffered, are suffering, or will suffer from an eating disorder. 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The mass media is responsible for causing the rise in the number of people with a poor body image, eating disorders, and cosmetic surgeries. From very early childhood young boys and girls are showered with the idea of â€Å"thin is beautiful†. Disney has been a household name for decades, and the company’s animated moviesRead MoreThe Beauty Standard On The Average Person1237 Words   |  5 Pagesimage. Many have tried to replicate the model body they see, without considering the harm that it could cause. The beauty standard today is not what it should be because the industry is manipulative, it makes women insecure about themselves, and is responsible for potential health effects. The ideal body image has ironically changed for the worst. Beauty trends no longer rely on natural methods such as a good diet, exercise, and makeup, but now include plastic surgery, implants, stomach stapling, chemical

Administrative Theories in Public Administration free essay sample

I have never thought that administrative theories in Public Administration has been established back in 1800 with theorist who have discovered or developed and now has been part of the system of the Philippine government. The earliest contributors to our understanding of management theory included practicing managers as well as social scientist. More recent theorist has tended to be academic or management consultants. The early theorist can be divided into 2 main groups – the practicing managers such, as Taylors and Fayol and the social scientists, such as Mayo and Mc Gregor. Meet the Mr. Taylor, the theorist of Scientific Management. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), one of the early practical manager-theorist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, spent the greater part of his life working on the problems of achieving greater efficiency on the shop-floor where he manages. The solution he came up with was based directly on his own experience at work, initially as a shop floor worker and later as a manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Theories in Public Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He pioneers scientific management which includes: The systematic study of the relationships between and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done. Scientific Management Theory Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix According to him, there are 4 Principles to increase efficiency that are: a. Study the way the job is performed now and determine new ways to do it. Gather detailed, time and motion information; try different methods to see which is best b. Codify the method into rules – Teach to all workers c. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in step2 d. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance – Workers should benefit from higher output But, Taylor recognizes that the measures he was proposing would appear to be more than just a new method – they would be revolutionary. He stated that the outset that â€Å"scientific management† would require a complete mental revolution on the part of management and workers. Henry Fayol (1841-1924) – father of modern management theory He divided industrial into 6 groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting managerial And formulated the 14 Principles of management which we are using it every day in our daily activities, allow me to enumerate them and somehow expand a little. Division of Labor – allows for job specialization, Authority and responsibility – Fayol noted firms can have too much specialization leading to poor quality and worker involvement. Unity of command – employees should have one boss. Line of authority – a clear chain from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization – the degree to which authority rests at the very top. Unity of direction – one plan of action to guide the organization. Equity – treat all employees fairly in justice and respect. Order – each employee is put where they have the most value. Initiative – encourages innovation. Discipline – obedient, applied, respectful employees needed. Remuneration of Personnel – The payment system contributes to the success. Stability of nature – long term employment is important. General interest over personal interest – the organization takes precedence over the individual. Esprit de corps – share enthusiasm or devotion to the organization. I have added here some of the theorist I researched which I consider to be worth sharing. Mary Parker – an influential leader in early managerial theory. a. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements b. The worker knows the best way to improve the job c. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. The Hawthorne Studies It appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive. Contingency Theory – Assumes there is no one best way to manage The environment impact the organization and managers must be flexible to react to environmental changes The way the organization is designed, control systems selected, depend on the environment Conclusion As management theories evolved in centuries, the principles and ideas were never changed yet it has been a guiding value to those who are in public nor private service and to those who are employed and business people. It’s amazing how they have passed on to many generations of people who wanted to learn and use the theories. The theories have been explicit in explanations and user-friendly, though there are theorists who have presented different thoughts on the earlier theorist but if we examine deeply, it’s all the same, only presented in different design. Before I end, I would just like to emphasize the last part of the theories because it speaks about our relationship with the environment and how we will relate environmental, Technological environments change rapidly so must managers.

MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN Essay Example For Students

MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN Essay MC 160100277Impact of Cell Phones on People: Pros and ConsOver the years, the world has witnessed a booming number of cell phones. They are dramatically changing the way people contact, communicate, interact or socialize with each other. It is apparent that cell phone has had a profound influence on personal lives. However, not all of the impact of them could be positive nor negative, this is because the existent of these multifunctional tools have both pros and cons and the side effect is obviously made or judge based on the user itself. Recently, people who is actually living in this deep world of communication era now days belief that this communication devices has an advantage to bring significant fortune or profit to the agencies, companies and marketers, and whenever this cellular phones become popular, many of the tech user started to recognized that this incredible outstanding devices is qualified as a need for them. As developments in communication continue, cell phone devices become more advance and sophisticated. For example, cellular phones are now equipped with greater multiple functionalities, thus, making these electronic devices essential in the communication system of any businesses. Indeed, cell phones are always connected to the Internet, via a data network, mobile broadband or Wi-Fi connection. However, the very things that make cellular phones so convenient and useful are the same things that can stop user in their tracks with a dead battery. The more application and programs running in the phone, the more energy it needs to perform. Even though battery life is drain out, cell phones still consider as a source of unlimited entertainment. The things which we never thought would be present in a cellular phone are now possible. Which means cell phones have come into existence which not only helping in making calls but also help out user to stay entertained by allowing the user themselves to play games, listen to music and do lots of other stuff. Although cell phones had a bunch of possibilities to the majority of society there is also a disease came along with it, such as causing a distraction and addiction. It is true that people are now getting a numerous number of advantages from a single high tech cell phone but these communication technologies also have several negative impacts. For example, using cell phones too often could probably be harmful for humans health as it can increase the risk of brain cancer and lacking of face to face communication is also the result of using cell phones. Instead of going out or finding an alternative ways to prevent laziness, many people still prefer to stay at home and use their cell phones to connect to others onlineIn conclusion, we can see how cell phone is capable changing our cultures in both good and bad ways. Even though these devices have brought people from different parts of the world closer together, it does not mean it has not alienated the people closest to us. As useful as cellular phones are, it is important to use them accordingly and not make them our lifeline to the outside world. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal cues and this is what makes us feel close to one another and measure should be taken to ensure this does not stop. Is keeping animals in zoos acceptable?In recent years, zoos are consider as a place where animals from around the world are kept and technically animals are being forced to be taken away from their natural habitat, where there are naturally existing food sources, enemies, and placed inside of a cage that keeps out all of animals which consists of only a small percentage of the naturally occurring flora and fauna to which the animal is accustomed. With no natural predators or food sources to hunt, many animals will lose their natural instincts, which are necessary for survival. This prevents reintegration into the animal kingdom and leaves them sentenced for life in a zoo. .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .postImageUrl , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:visited , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:active { border:0!important; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:active , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An overview of breastfeeding EssayHowever, there is no doubt that zoos main goal is to ensure that these overall animals were protected from the midst of a global extinction crisis. Not only zoos play a critical role in fighting for wildlife extinction, but they are also emphasis their right to keep animals in captivity in order to help endanger species population from decreasing. Indeed, these animals have been born in captivity and they do not miss the wild as they do not know what it is, but letting a captive bred animal out into the wild would be far more cruel as it would not know how to feed or protect itself from any number of dangers. Some species, without captive breeding, would be long extinct such as Przewalskis horse which no longer exists in the wild. Many other species such as the rhino, panda, wolf, cheetah, leopard, and many species of birds without human protection and conservation would also suffer for a long extinct. This is why zoos have to prove themselves and take this opportunity in order to help these animals survival from extinct because out in the wild there are still a tons of animals would have a very little chance to survive, especially those on the endangered list. As what we know, these animals are still hunted by poachers for their skins, bones and other by products. Also, some of them have a more difficult time surviving in the wild by themselves due to pollution, destruction of their habitats, high level of competition for food, over-predation, diseases and other unfortunate reasons. And when it comes to education, zoos are also playing a very important role among community. For example school children are curious about animals and see them everywhere in their daily lives, and an opportunity to go to the zoo and see them for real is amazing for them. With this opportunity, they enjoy learning about animals and endangered species. Besides, the zoos also have launched and added signs to most places where animals are located in order to inform people about them too, including how many there still are in the world, what they eat, and so on. Not only school children, but pretty much everyone can get informed about animals at zoos, as they start to raise awareness towards important issues regarding animals. In conclusion, keeping animals in zoo is obviously acceptable because the zoos itself have useful purpose and it provides safety to the animals as well. And not only that, it is also consider as the best ideal habitation for the rare animals from extinction even though some of the community that may not agree with their way to keep animals in their property.